Basic Linux Commands

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Here some Basic Linux Commands which is used daily

1 # pwd (Present /print working directory )

Shows your current folder location — useful to see where you are in the file system.

2 # ls (List Show )

If you want show the file or folder insight the directory we can use ls command

3 # cd ( Change directory )


eg :- cd /etc/

If you want to move one place to other place one directory to other directory so we can use cd command

4 # mkdir ( Make directory )

eg :- mkdir linux

If you want to create a directory5

5 # rmdir ( remove directory )


eg:- rmdir linux

If you want to remove directory we use rmdir command

6 # touch ( create emty directory )


eg :- touch linux

If you want to create empty file no data inside the file so we can use touch command

7 # rm (remove file )

Command :- rm (file name)
eg :- rm linux

If you want a remove a file so we can use rm command.

8 # rm -rvf ( remove file or directory )

Command:- rm -rvf (file or dir name)
eg:-rm -rvf linux

🔹 -r (or --recursive)

  • Stands for: recursive
  • Purpose: Tells rm to delete directories and their contents recursively.
  • Without -r, rm will refuse to delete directories.

🔹 -v (or --verbose)

  • Stands for: verbose
  • Purpose: Makes rm print out details about what it’s doing — like the names of files and directories it’s removing.
  • Handy if you want to see exactly what’s being deleted.

🔹 -f (or --force)

  • Stands for: force
  • Purpose: Tells rm to:
    • Ignore nonexistent files (no error messages)
    • Never prompt for confirmation
  • It forces deletion even if the file is write-protected.

So, rm -rvf does this:

Forcefully and recursively delete files/directories, while showing what’s being deleted.

Example:

rm -rvf my_folder

This will:

and show each deletion step as it happens.

delete my_folder and everything inside it,

not ask you “are you sure?” even for protected files,

9 # cp ( copy file or directory )

Command :- cp (file name ) destination
eg:- cp

10 # mv ( Move or Rename)

Eg:- I have linux directory i want to reaname this one to ubuntu so i am use command bellow


#mv Linux ubuntu

If you want move the ubuntu directory from /home to root directory
#mv ubuntu /root

11 #cat (Concatenate and Display File Contents)

If you want to show the content of file then you need to use cat command

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